Wuthering Heights (884 words) Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights (884 words) Essay Wuthering HeightsWhen Wuthering Heights was published it was blasted its contemporaries asobscene. They railed that Catherine and Heathcliff were the most immoral and ingeneral worst people they had ever had the misfortune of reading about. AlthoughWuthering Heights has taken its rightful place as masterwork of 19th centuryliterature and Emily Bront? has receive credit for her work, it is stillpossible to see where the early attacks are based. Heathcliff especially behavesin a very obtuse manner. The basis for this behavior is Heathcliffs bizarrelove/hate relationship with Catherine. His frustrated desire to be with hercauses him deep personal pain, which he transfers to other characters in asadistic attempt to force them to feel that pain as well. Heathcliff andCatherines relationship is neither stable nor in any way normal. Instead it isfull of violent emotions which are either soaring high or dashingly low, withvery little between the two. Catherine declares that she and Heathclif fWhatever souls are made of, his and mine are the same(73). We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights (884 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Heathcliff desires nothing more than to be with Catherine, but theirrelationship is undermined by the revelation that Catherine feels that itwould degrade me to marry Heathcliff . . .(73). Heathcliff was unsuitableto Catherine because he is poor with no family. However, Edgar Linton has bothand for those shallow reasons Catherine marries Edgar betraying Heathcliffsfeelings for her and her own feeling as well. Catherine had hoped to marry Edgarbut also to keep on loving Heathcliff as well, to have her cake and eat ittoo. The violence, hatred, love, and passion of Catherine andHeathcliffs relationship is encapsulated in their conversation onCatherines deathbed: He could hardly bear, for downright agony, tolook into her face. . . . She was fated, sure to die. ?Oh, Cathy! Oh, my life!How can I bear it?' . . . . . . . . . . . . ?I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me? and thriven onit, I think. . . How may years do you mean to live on after I am gone? . . . .. . . . . . . . I shouldnt care what you suffered. I care nothing for yoursufferings. Why shouldnt you suffer? I do! . . . . . . . . . . . . ?You know you lie to say I have killed you: . . . I could as soonforget you as my own existence! Is it not sufficient for your infernalselfishness, that while you are at peace I shall writhe in the torments of hell?. . . . . . . . . . . . How cruel youve been?cruel and false. . . . . . .. . . . . . I have not broken your heart?you have broken it; and in breaking ithave broken mine. . . . What kind of living will it be when ? oh, God! Wouldyou like to live with your soul in the grave?'(147-48) Love and hate are soclosely entwined that they are both expressed in a single sentence. No one willcall that exchange ?normal but it contains the essence of theirrelationship. Despite the barbs of blame for the situation being thrown there isno doubt that Catherines death pains Heathcliff to the very soul. Heathcliffbecomes determined to share the pain caused by Catherines betrayal and herdeath. The victims of his deranged vengeance are Isabella Linton, Edgar Linton,Linton Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton II. The more the worms writhe, themore I yearn to crush out their entails!(140). Clearly a sadistic attitudeand one that makes it absolutely clear that Heathcliffs marriage to Isabella isa revenge on both Catherine and Edgar. The marriage of Heathcliff to hersister-in-law is emo tionally damaging to an already frail Catherine. Edgar, whodespises Heathcliff throughout the novel, is shock and very nearly disowns hissister for marrying a ruffian like Heathcliff. So Heathcliff gets vengeance onEdgar as well. Poor Isabella is caught with a man who does not, in fact never,loved her. She writes Nelly, . There is another motivation for themarriage: money. Though his marriage with Isabella Heathcliff has placed himselfin line for not just money, but Edgar Lintons money. With Catherine andIsabellas deaths and the birth of Catherine II and Linton Heathcliff,Heathcliff continues his manipulations into another generation. The forcedmarriage between first cousins Catherine II and Linton, with all is aaccompanying duplicity, is a the final act of revenge. The subsequent deaths ofEdgar Linton and Linton Heathcliff leave Wuthering Heights and the Grange inHeathcliffs possession. The vengeance is complete: Heathcliff has everythingdear to Edgar, his property and his daughter ; the younger Catherine, because hecould not control her mother and he may feels that shre should have been his andCatherines daughter; and Hinleys son is turning out to be another Heathcliff. .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .postImageUrl , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:visited , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:active { border:0!important; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:active , .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764 .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue39ebdd78b3d0a27f65a644cb2560764:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: moralhf Laws vs. Morals in Mark Twain's The Advent EssayComplete victory for Heathcliff, but then a strange thing happens: Heathcliffstarts to mellow. He seems to realize that however complete his vengeance itgets him no closer to Catherine, her shade still wonders the moors. Heathcliffprofesses to Nelly, she has disturbed me, night and day, through eighteenyears (264). It is when Heathcliff prepares to spent eternity withCatherine that he final finds peace, with her and himself. Catherines coffin,buried for eighteen years, is dug up and a panel removed so Heathcliffsremains can mingle with hers. With Heathcliffs death there is at lastpeace at Wuthering Heights. He and Cat herine are together for all time. Theproperty, both Wuthering Height and the Grange have been returned to theirrightful owners Hareton Earshaw and Catherine II. Heathcliff had schemed toleave her destitute, but she will end up with both properties after her marriageto Hareton. A full circle has been completed and everything is as it should be,finally.

attila the hun essays

attila the hun essays Attila the Hun is known as one of the most ferocious leaders of ancient times. He was given the nickname Scourge God because of his ferocity. During the twentieth century, Hun was one of the worst name you could call a person, due to Attila. The Huns were a barbaric and savage group of people, and Attila, their leader, was no exception. He was the stereotypical sacker of cities and killer of babies. The Huns lasted long after their disappearance in mythology and folklore, as the bad guy. Generally, they were not fun people to be around. Priscus saw Attila the Hun at a banquet in 448. Priscus described him as being a short, squat man with a large head and deep-set eyes. He also had a flat nose and a thin beard. Historians say that his general personality was irritable, blustering, and truculent. He was said to be a persistent negotiator, and not at al pitiless. While Priscus was at the banquet in 448, he observed a few other details about Attila. All of Attilas chief lieutenants were served dainties on silver platters, but he was served only meat on wooden plates. No other real qualities of Attila as a general really survived through time, but he is thought to have been an outstanding commander from his accomplishments as a barbarian. Huns themselves were mysterious and feared people. They first appeared in the Fourth Century around the Roman Empire. They rode their warhorses around and cause the Germanic barbarians and Romans alike to fear them. Yet, it was said that they were very uncivilized. It was said that they made no use of fire, and just ate the roots of plants they found in fields. They were also said to have eaten the almost raw meat of animals. The only reason the meat was almost raw was because they were said to have cooked it by placing it between their thighs and the backs of their horses to give it warmth. The Huns sometimes engaged in regular battle. The...

K-129 Submarine explosion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

K-129 Submarine explosion - Essay Example The intelligence and the senior executives of each country do not have trust on the military to settle the issue. For that reason, the issue of the Nuclear Missile Submarine is still shrouded in mystery and uncertainty on what transpired. Different theories to explain why the submarine sank no American or Russian fail to state that the explosion result from an attempted nuclear missile launch as the primary source of the submarine demise. For many years, there is a speculation that an exploding warhead leads to the catastrophe. In the 1960s, small groups of American and Russian military specialists secretly cooperate to prevent a likely nuclear war. Wagner believes that Americans drowned their submarine in 1968. The Soviets had a direct line into the United States Navy Atlantic Fleet submarine headquarters. In the early 50s, American navy began installing hydrophone cables on the ocean floor. The underwater microphones could pick up sounds transmitted back to shore and converted to visual display. The author finds that the low frequency sounds travel in great distances to pick up noise from underwater explosions. Military specialists identified the sounds and determined if the sub was a diesel or nuclear powered and where it likely belonged. The development of the technology helped the specialists to establish the territory of the K-129 as well as other subs. Sewell finds that an expert witness testifying on the occurrence cited that it was an explosion. United States knows the whereabouts of the submarine since they recorded the wreck and buried the military officers at sea. . United States classifies all the information concerning the wreck as secret. The court investigating the sinking proves that sounds picked from hydrophones compare to those of the sinking submarine. Several SOSUS arrays recorded sufficient triangulation to provide a locus on the possible wreck site. Soviets naval lack an equivalent of

Israel and Philistine Debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Israel and Philistine Debate - Research Paper Example Fact 3inspite of the UN decision, Israeli public would be able not to recognize an independent state of Palestine (Hazony). Palestinian Question: Why did so many Palestinians sell their lands to the Israelis around 1948 if they really did not want Israelis to occupy lands in the area? Fact 1 A massive flow of refugees from Palestinian land to Israel resulted in the creation of a unilateral state of Israel that managed to shelter thousands of refugees from Arab nations and Palestinians (Palestinian Land). Fact 2 Hostile moods of Palestinians in 60s resulted in an unfavorable atmosphere in Israel (Whose Land?). Fact 3 Arabs did not believe in Israelis’ victory in the war and sold their lands to them having a hope to return to their homeland, which, actually was sold by their own hands. Israeli Question discussion The first fact that implies a more flexible policy conduct by Israeli is effective for putting up a conflict in Palestinians’ war for independence only in case P alestine would be ready to negotiate all core issues of their separation from Israeli. The majority of supporters of unilateral existence of Israeli and Palestinian states confirm the fact that the independence of the latter would result in a numerous chain of military conflicts or may even lead to war. Moreover, Israeli public claims that it will be able not to recognize the independence of Palestine. This fact can be justified, because this nation has sold its own land to Israeli and did not want to live as an independent nation, but now it appeals for the international community and has a clear intention to fight for its independence (Benari). With regards to the previous facts of hostile moods of Palestinians, it is hard to believe that the independent state would show tolerance to refugees, development of social programs etc (Palestinian Land). Moreover, an intention to establish an independent government could disturb Israeli’s territory. Palestinian Question discussion In the end of 40s, Israel managed to give a shelter to thousands of refugees from Palestine. In 10 years, Palestinians were not pleased by the fact that their land has already been gone, though it was their own fault and they sold their land themselves. Palestinians have deeply rooted historical bounds with Israel. This land is their motherland. The core of the conflict should not be found in the pieces of land that historically belonged to Palestinian public, but it is better to work in favor of the country, Israel, that saved this nation. Currently, Palestinians appeal for the UN and insist on â€Å"the promise it made to them six decades ago, ensuring that a just resolution for Palestinian refugees is put into effect† (The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict). Conclusion A life-long conflict between Israel and Palestine is rather challenging and represents an interesting topic for discussion. It has deep historical roots, but in order to solve it, it is desirable to look at the historical essence of the conflict. Therefore, in one way or another, but Israel has a dominance over Palestine, because it owns the land that was sold to them by Palestinians. It would be better for Palestinians to confirm the fact of their existence in terms of the state that sheltered

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Artifical hydration in pallitiaive care - Essay Example 2). The palliative care in the UK is grounded on three developmental stages that are significant in comprehending the modern palliative care setting. The initial phase of evolution is concerned with the creation of a haven for dying individuals and giving of terminal care. The second level of advancement is the growth of contemporary hospice lobby. The last stage concentrates on the change from hospice to palliative care (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 85-86). As argued by Have & Janssens (2001), in the UK, palliative care is mostly provided to patients suffering from cancer although other patients that have terminal illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Parkinson’s disease, and advanced heart disease among other conditions that cannot be cured also qualify for the care (p.94). The national umbrella organisation, that facilitates palliative care in the UK, are NCPC (National Council for Palliative Care) and SPPC (Scottish Partnership for Palliative Care). This paper will discuss the artificial hydration in palliative care, its advantages and disadvantages and significance for the patient and end of life care. The discussion revolves around a community setting in the UK. The community palliative care teams provide palliative care in the rural areas. Most of the patients attended to in the community are those that decided to die at home. The services given receive funding from individua l charitable bodies and others by the National Health Service (NHS) (Have & Janssens 2001, p. 94). The artificial hydration in palliative care refers to the administration of fluids into the patient’s body through parenteral routes, nasogastric tube, gastrostomy and nasojejunostomy as a key necessity for nourishment. The truth is that artificial feeding cannot match the natural way of eating through the mouth

Portrayal of Arabs and Muslims in Hollywood

Portrayal of Arabs and Muslims in Hollywood Zeinab Kobeissi Over the years, pre and post 9/11, many people have noticed that Hollywood tends to dehumanize Arabs and Muslims. In most western movies, Arab and Muslim characters are subjected to racial and ethnic stereotyping and have continued to be the center of vilification for the entertainment industry in the states. The mass media has depicted Arab and Muslim stereotypes in a number of ways within the American culture and the west in general. Through the society’s media, literature, theatre, and many other creative outlets, stereotyping of Arabs and Muslims is manifested continuously. Such representations have been negative for the most part, whether they were based on historical facts or on works of fiction. They have also had very negative repercussions on Arabs and Muslims who live in the west especially as a reaction to current events and when it came to daily interactions. Generally, Arabs and Muslims exist as one-dimensional characters in Hollywood cinematic works and appear almost sub-human. They are typically always a danger or a threat, ignorant, violent, and most importantly obsessed with kidnapping or killing as many Westerners as possible as they supposedly view them as the enemy. Edward Said notably coined the term â€Å"Orientalism† to express the cultural habit of converting those from eastern cultures into the â€Å"Other†. The notion of Orientalism presents exotic characters that are created from a Western political and social biased perspective in order to provoke a powerful reaction against the eastern culture while at the same time confirming western values. Basically, the hero westerner defeats the nameless evil villain from the east and the western audience in turn feels good about itself. In Reel Bad Arabs, Shaheen states that televisions image of the Arab is omnipresent [and] is becoming a part of American folklore. He also says that Arabs have consistently appeared in American popular culture as billionaires, bombers, and belly dancers† which are known as the 3 B’s for the role of a typical Arab character in a Hollywood movie. What most seem to be forgetting though is the fact that â€Å"Muslim† is no more synonymous with â€Å"Arab† than â€Å"Christian† is with â€Å"American†. In Hollywood movies, Arabs are equivalent to Muslims, though Arabs actually comprise only 12 percent of the Islamic world population. Islam followers or supporters live on every continent and the Muslim majority is not present in the Middle East, rather in the Asia-Pacific region in countries like India, Malaysia, and Indonesia. In fact, the latter has the largest population of Muslims and is a constitutional republic. It is not very surprising, however, that Hollywood makes Arabs and Muslims synonymous, appearing in such a manner as one. Hollywood is simply reinforcing the concept of Orientalism when it comes to Muslims. Edward Said explains how the image of Muslims in the eyes of orientalists was not any different from anti-Semitic views by saying that, â€Å"Not accidently, I indicate that Orientalism and modern anti-Semitism have common roots†¦ The transference of a popular anti-Semitic animus from a Jewish to an Arab target was made smoothly, since the figure was essentially the same.† Basically, what Hollywood now does is use a newer and more effective technique to warp the image of Islam; how Muslims are described in Hollywood is similar to how the Jews were portrayed in Nazi-inspired movies. It is crucial however, to mention that there have actually been some movies after 9/11 that portray Muslims quite fairly; such as The 13th Warrior. Unfortunately though, the negative image is usually more influential than the positive one as it feeds people’s fears. According to a survey done by the Pew Forum in 2009, 35 percent of Americans believe that Islam promotes violence more than the rest of the other religions. Moreover, according to a poll done by Time Magazine, 62 percent of Americans do not personally know a Muslim American. This means that most Americans form their concept of Islam from what the mass media offers them, and this is extremely problematic. Hollywood must give out an image that gives attention to what unites the people of this world, focusing on the positives and the universal humanistic qualities that bring people together instead of dividing them. The 13th Warrior is one of the very few Hollywood movies that portray Arabs and Muslims realistically. The Arabs in this movie are portrayed in a way that they appear to be multi-dimensional just as any westerner would be in a Hollywood production. The Arab here is not only depicted as a regular human being but even more so as an actual hero. Even Jack Shaheen deems it as one of the best depictions of Arabs in film; it has a balanced and progressive image of Arabs. The main character, Ahmad ibn-Fadlan Ibn-Fadlan is an Arab, who is at the same time the narrator describing his exploits with the Vikings. He tells his experience with them looking back as an outsider. The life of these Vikings is seen from the perspective of a character who appears to be a learned member of a civilized society, serving as an observer and the viewers’ window to a foreign culture from foreign eyes. Through him, we see and react to traditions that neither we nor him are familiar with, and this makes t he viewer discover more about him as well as those he is talking about. The way he adapts to their cultural ways and even adopts some of their social patterns as well adds more layers to his character, and this encourages respect and tolerance for other religions and races. Neither the Arabs nor the Vikings seem to be radical or fanatic and no faith is criticized or put down. In The 13th Warrior, from the point of view of the Arab â€Å"other†, we see characters from two distinct cultures and backgrounds learning from each other and growing from the experience. The main character and protagonist in this Hollywood movie is actually a likable Arab who realistically tells the tale of his encounter with a strange culture and convincingly demonstrates his attempts to connect with this odd and bizarre world that he has stepped into. In turn, the Vikings treat him kindly and put aside his differences instead of distrusting him for them. They even come to a point where they refer to him as â€Å"little brother†. The Arab is portrayed as rational and intelligent vs. impulsive and primitive. Ibn-Fadlan quietly learned the Vikings’ tongue by immersing himself into their conversations during their nights next to the bonfire and carefully dissecting their language. He learns to understand it and speak it by merely listening to them talk and repeating the sounds in his mind, a task that would probably be impossible in real life. This helps his character appear as an educated man who is clever enough to accomplish incredible tasks quite quickly, which earned the respect of the Vikings. Another act of intelligence by Ibn-Fadlan is when he deciphers what the oracle had told him and his fellow warriors when they went to see her. The men wanted to ask about the whereabouts of some men who had attacked them earlier, but the woman was quite mad and could not speak very coherently. When no one was able to understand what she was hinting at, Ibn-Fadlan was able to put the clues together and finally tell the warriors where the men who had once attacked them lived. Not to mention that the Arab was the only one who was able to provide a token from the enemy for the oracle to derive energy from. â€Å"Drawing sounds†, which referred to the writing of letters and words, was something the Vikings knew only the Arab was capable of doing amongst them. A fellow warrior found Ibn-Fadlan drawing these sounds into the sand with a stick and wondrously questioned him about it. Ibn-Fadlan explained to him how he could also speak them back – read them – and showed him how it could be done. Even though the Viking still did not quite grasp this notion, he recognized Ibn-Fadlan’s spectacular ability to comprehend such a novel and complex idea and eventually learned from him, as Ibn-Fadlan did from the Vikings. Even though Ibn-Fadlan is Arab and Muslim, there is no direct assumption that just because he is Arab he is also a Muslim. The emphasis of his identity remains on the fact that he is an Arab and that is where the focus lies. We discover he is Muslim when he tries to explain to the Viking that there is only one God, and that Mohammed is his prophet, which is an actual prayer in Islam. Also, we see him praying on the prayer mat only once in the entire movie, which helps in showing that Muslims are not necessarily praying and saying â€Å"Allahu Akbar† all the time as they do in most other Hollywood productions. We are used to seeing the intolerant and angry Arab who cannot accept other cultures and religions other than his own. In this film the Arab surprisingly shows tolerance to the others’ religion and cultural practices unlike a stereotypical Arab, as depicted by Hollywood, who is always at war with the West and their ways. When Ibn-Fadlan gets injured in battle, a Viking woman attempts to heal his wounds by applying cow urine. When he learns what she is putting on his cuts he reacts quite disgustingly and asks her for clean water instead. After explaining how this is better for the wound to heal properly, he complies and puts his recovery in her unusual methods. You would never imagine an Arab falling in love with a Western woman and actually having a respectful and polite interaction as Hollywood almost always portrays the Arab man to be abusive and oppressive to women. Ibn-Fadlan falls in love with a Viking woman and they share a mutual admiration to one another; neither looks at the other as an â€Å"other† but rather as true equals. Unlike the usual Arab depiction of them mistreating women, here the Arab treats the Western woman with utter appreciation and affection. He even makes love to her outside of wedlock, that night after the big battle where they find themselves unable to resist their attraction to one another, which is also not allowed in Islam. Ibn-Fadlan finds himself trying out new things and not resisting exposing himself to alien traditions. The Arab is usually never adaptive or social in Hollywood films, but more closed off and unwilling to interact with the outside world. Ibn-Fadlan breaks this stereotype and engages in a give and take relationship with the Vikings where he accepts that he can learn a few things from their culture just as they could from him. One of these examples is when he attempts, for the first time, to taste an alcoholic beverage which a Muslim cannot have. Religiously at the time, the fermentation of grapes and of wheat were forbidden in Islam, so when the Viking offers Ibn-Fadlan a drink after battle, he politely rejects. However, when the Viking explains to him that this was actually made of honey, Ibn-Fadlan dares to take a sip from the Viking’s horn. At the beginning, Ibn-Fadlan is given a sword by the Vikings as this is what he would be using in battle. Arabs back then were used to fighting with lighter and much thinner swords, which meant there was no way the Arab was able to strategically fight and win with a sword that weighs almost twice or three times the one he usually uses. He adapts to certain fighting styles by observing the Vikings fight and learns to use new armory, such as the wooden shield used for protection which he is also not accustomed to. At the same time though, while learning that he would be a much better fighter and far more useful as a warrior, he decides to stick to the same old kind of sword he is used to and goes to the blacksmith asking for one according to his own specifications. Through this, the Vikings see the advantage of a lighter and therefore faster sword and are impressed with his wit. He successfully shows the Vikings that although his sword is lighter, although his horse is smaller (which h e was ridiculed for), he can be far more effective. Despite the fact both Arabs and Vikings are portrayed fairly and as both having equal negatives as well as positives, the Vikings are portrayed as somewhat more barbaric than the Arabs. Ironically, the way Arabs are portrayed as primitive in Hollywood movies is how the Vikings are portrayed in this movie, to some degree. They appear to be aggressive and impulsive, lacking hygiene, and not all that clever, while the Arab is the epitome of self-control, decency, and wit. Generally, neither is depicted as evil or bad; they are both righteous and pious warriors as shown by this film, but the underlying qualities of culture and traditions that are present for each are shown in different lights. The Vikings, in the beginning, are made out to look like complete fools and dirty slobs who possess limited intellectual skills. They share a bowel of water to remove snot from their noses and rinse their mouth with which they pass around for everyone to use. They also cast a few of bones to predic t future events that might take place. However the Arab appears to be very clean and even shows disgust to their unhygienic ways (it is not shocking how he was unable to adapt to this specific cleansing method). The usual poor misrepresentation of Arabs and Muslims that dominates Hollywood movies is what seems to be pushing movies such as The 13th Warrior into the background. The twisted depiction of Arabs and Muslims is a representative image of how they truly are; it is a myth and does not fully reflect reality. A certain connotation is masquerading as a denotation and it became so literal that people started believing it as fact. There exists this dominant meaning or understanding of Islam or Arab-ness, which is not fixed or inherent, rather created based on a complex of social interaction among the two parties or sides. The interplay between the different cultures created this iconic image and a certain decision was made when it was chosen to be represented in this manner; it was agreed upon in a particular context to portray this value and this culturally imposed meaning. One thing is for sure: Hollywood’s determination on reacting to the same political and social spurs for years and even decades now is pretty consistent. No group of peoples provide more ground for Hollywood’s degenerating stereotyping than Arabs and Muslims, and it seems that this is probably not going to change any time soon. As the world’s leading cinematic industry, the Arab stereotype has a greater negative impact on audiences today than it did decades ago. Nowadays, Hollywood’s films are created, developed, and disseminated world-wide, reaching viewers globally. The international success of a movie has become the decider of its popularity; it is not just domestic and local approval that deems a movie a hit anymore. Also, Arab images not only affect international audiences, but international movie makers as well in this case. Arabs and Muslims have given the world quite a lot throughout the years, from architecture to mathematics, but how much of it has found its way onto the movie screens? They have grown tired of seeing rudimentary and inaccurate depictions of themselves that are causing them to be extremely misrepresented to others on this planet. In fact, what does Hollywood think the 1.6 billion Muslims around the world are thinking when they see movies that they are depicted so unjustly in? Hollywood realizes that it has a key role to play in shaping public opinion (domestically and internationally) but only time will tell whether it ever decides to deliver a realistic and just viewpoint on the Muslim world, the Arab world, and their peoples. The most effective films are the ones that remind us that the essence of our collective human experience shows us at our best, free of nationality, ethnicity, politics or religion. But before a movie can ever deliver that, it must be completely and utterly with out stereotype to say the least, Muslim, Arab or otherwise.

The Earl of Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli Essay -- nineteenth centur

The Earl of Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli was one of the great political minds of the nineteenth century. He helped bring Great Britain through effects of the Industrial Revolution, and maintain a large empire. Though his efforts the workers’ rights were enlarged, and England was able to peacefully transition to democracy. Disraeli, a commoner by birth, was yet an aristocrat in ideology. Through this unique combination of ideals, Disraeli was able navigate Britain through the mid nineteenth century, restore prestige to the monarchy and aristocracy, and enlarge the rights of the commoner. Disraeli sought to preserve the interests of the ruling aristocracy, and maintain the English predominance and freedom in the world. In this regard Disraeli was similar to many of the Tory aristocracy of the eighteenth and nineteenth century who sought to hold onto their power. Members of this class, such as James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardiganand George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, disliked any kind of political reform, and sought to hold their power in parliament against the radical Whigs. As a member of a noble family that sought to protect him, James Brudenell was discouraged from entering into military service, but instead, though his father’s influence, obtained and place in the House of Commons. Brudenell was a Member of Parliament for several years, until the 1832 election, when, because of the passage of the Reform Bill, he had to fight a difficult and bitter fight and campaign to hold his seat in Parliament . From Parliament, Bundenell was able to make use of the purchase system to fulfill his lifelong ambition of making a career in the army. From there he took control of the 15th Hussars and made them into his model infantr... ...ower and avoid revolution. Thus, through social reforms Disraeli, in the last half of the nineteenth century, was able to navigate through the waters of power though appeals to the commoner. Similar to Disraeli, Lord Lucan’s son saw the necessity humanity to those in the lower classes, and extended humanitarian efforts to his estates in Ireland. Disraeli, the lonely Christian Jew, was truly a great leader of the nineteenth century. He assisted in preserving the empire, creating a sense of British pride, and providing reform to the government, while maintain his principles and identity. Works Cited Smith, Paul. Disraeli, A Brief Life. Cambridge: University Press,Cambridge, 1996. Woodham-Smith, Cecil. The Reason Why. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1954. Youngs, Fredric. The English Heritage. Vol. 2. 2 vols. Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1999.